์ฑ… ๊ณต๋ถ€

์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋žฉ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋ธ”์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2์ฃผ ์ •๋„ ์žก์ž. โ†’ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‹ค.
ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 2๊ฐœ chapter๋ฅผ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํŒŒ์ผ ๋ชฉ๋ก

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_1 Introduction Biological Systems and Physical Approaches.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_2 Basic Concepts of Relevant Thermodynamics and Thermodynamic Variables.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_3 Basic Methods of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_4 Statistical Mechanics of Fluids and Solutions.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_5 Coarse-Grained Description Mesoscopic States, Effective Hamiltonian and Free Energy Functions.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_6 Water and Biologically-Relevant Interactions.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_7 Law of Chemical Forces Transitions, Reactions, and Self-assemblies.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_8 The Lattice and Ising Models.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_9 Responses, Fluctuations, Correlations and Scatterings.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_10 Mesoscopic Models of Polymers Flexible Chains.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_11 Mesoscopic Models of Polymers Semi-flexible Chains and Polyelectrolytes.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_12 Membranes and Elastic Surfaces.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_13 Brownian Motions.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_14 Stochastic Processes, Markov Chains and Master Equations.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_15 Theory of Markov Processes and the Fokker-Planck Equations.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_16 The Mean-First Passage Times and Barrier Crossing Rates.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_17 Dynamic Linear Responses and Time Correlation Functions.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_18 Noise-Induced Resonances Stochastic Resonance, Resonant Activation, and Stochastic Ratchets.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_19 Transport Phenomena and Fluid Dynamics.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_20 Dynamics of Polymers and Membranes in Fluids.pdf

Statistical Physics for Biological Matter_21 Epilogue.pdf

๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธํŠธ ์“ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ

13 Brownian motion


NP(r,t)๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ notation์ธ๊ฐ€?


Smoluchoski equation, ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์— ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ convection ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹, ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋…ธํŠธ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ, ์‹ 12, 13

Einstein relation ์œ ๋„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•


์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ผด์˜ ์‹์„ log-log plotํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๊ฐ€?

์ž…์ž์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ ํฌํ…์…œ์„ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™•์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ์ •์ „๊ธฐํ•™์˜ ํ‘ธ์•„์†ก ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๊ณต์œ  ๋น„์œ  ์ •๋ฆฌ


Linear operator๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ƒ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ทจ๊ธ‰๋˜์–ด t์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ?

์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ
(white noise)์ƒ์ˆ˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜, ๋””๋ฝ๋ธํƒ€, ๊ฐ€์šฐ์‹œ์•ˆ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ํ•จ์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ‘ธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ



Langevin equation ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •๋ฆฌ. ๊ทธ์ € ma ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, ์™ธ๋ ฅ, ๋žœ๋ค ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์„ ๋ฟ
underdamped Langevin EQ์™€ overdamped Langevin EQ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ •๋ฆฌ
Wiener process๊ฐ€ ๋ญ์˜€์ง€? ๋…ธํŠธ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ. overdamped Langevin EQ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

(๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ณต์Šต) ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏธ๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ผํ”Œ๋ผ์Šค๋ณ€ํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด๊ธฐ? ์‹ 64, 67

It signifies the detailed balance between the random noise
fRรฐtรž and the dissipative force fv to retain the thermal equilibrium in the long time;
if the strength of this thermal and equilibrium noise takes other values than
given by (13.75), the system will not attain the stationarity and will not arrive
at the equilibrium state in the long time.

์™œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ detailed balance ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?

time? Because the displacement is linearly related to the
velocity, xรฐtรž  x0 ยผ
R t
0 ds vรฐsรž, this is also distributed in Gaussian,

Gaussian distribution์— linearly related๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ Gaussian์ด๋‹ค? ์ด์œ ๋Š”?

์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์—์„œ emsemble average ๊ธฐํ˜ธ <>์„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์ ๋ถ„, ๋ฏธ๋ถ„, ๊ณฑ, ํ•ฉ, exp function
cumulant์™€ cumulant expansion์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
euqipartition theorem์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process์˜ ์‹๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ

14 Markov chain and master equation


time correlation function์€ power spectrum์˜ ํ‘ธ๋ณ€์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋„ ๊ณผ์ • ๋…ธํŠธ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ๋„ฃ๊ธฐ. ํ˜น์‹œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋…ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜?

ํ™•์‚ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ Coarse graining์„ ๊ฒจ์šธํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ RG flow๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด Theory space๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜?

15 Fokker-Planck equation

๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ…Œ์ „์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?
Hermitian์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ eigen value์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์‚ฌ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

10 Mesoscopic Models of Polymers: Flexible Chains

ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์Šค์ผ€์ผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์™„์ „ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.
persistance length ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๋‹จ์œ„, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์œ„, ๋” ํฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๊ฐ€?

20 the last chapter

๋ž‘๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ time correlation function์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

์—ฐ๊ด€ ๋…ธํŠธ๋“ค

Chapter 9 Responses, Fluctuations, Correlations and Scatterings

์ด ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.

์ž๊ทน์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ external field ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํž˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
์ด ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์ด ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.
static response๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์•„๋„ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.

์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ ค๋ฉด ์™€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด conjugate๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ† ๋‹ˆ์•ˆ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.
conjugated microscopic variable์„ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ•ด๋ฐ€ํ† ๋‹ˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์„ perturbation term์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

๊ฒฐ๊ตญ macroscopicํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด, ํŠน์ • ํž˜์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ์†์—์„œ ์˜ ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ํ‰๊ท ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๊ฑธ macroscopic displacement ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.

Response๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ํž˜์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํž˜์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํž˜์ด ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
ํž˜์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€(unperturbed) ์•™์ƒ๋ธ”๋กœ ํ‰๊ท ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด,
microscopic fluctuation์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค:

์œ„ ๊ฐ’์€ microstate๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค.
์ด๋ฅผ ์•™์ƒ๋ธ” ํ‰๊ท ๋‚ธ average change๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ response์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ž๊ทน๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ susceptibility์ด๋‹ค. susceptibility๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€์˜ ์ฒ™๋„์ด๋‹ค.

โ€œ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ด ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ static response๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ž๊ทน์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์•ž๋’ค๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?โ€

๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งž๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ์ž๊ทน์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ์•„์ฃผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๋งค ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด equilibrium์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” quasi-equilibrium state๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” chapter 17์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ Fluctuation-Response Theorem์ด๋‹ค:

์ฆ‰, susceptibility๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์—†์„ ๋•Œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ž์ฒด์ ์ธ fluctuation์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ณต์‹ ์œ ๋„, ์ž๊ทน์ด ์˜จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
Static Fluctuation-Response Theorem
์ž๊ทน์ด localํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, susceptibility๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ:
Static Fluctuation-Response Theorem for Continuous Fields

Fluctuation-Response Theorem๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ,
์ž๊ทน์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
fluctuation-dissipation theorem(FDT)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.

Chapter 10: Mesoscopic Models of Polymers - Flexible Chains

์ด ์ฑ•ํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ideal chain์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ๋‹ค.
์ด์ƒ๊ธฐ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ทจ๊ธ‰์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
์ด์ƒ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
๊ทธ์ € ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„ ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ segmental length๋งŒํผ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋„๋Š” correlation์—†์ด ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ๋„์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฐœ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜(ํ˜น์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜) ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ideal chain์€ random walk์˜ ๊ถค์ ๊ณผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
random walk์˜ step size๊ฐ€ ideal chain์˜ segmental length(Kuhn length)์— ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๋ฉฐ,
step number๊ฐ€ ์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€์‘๋˜๊ณ ,
์ถœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์ ๊ณผ ์ตœ์ข… ๋„์ฐฉ ์ง€์  ์‚ฌ์ด ๋ณ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ideal chain์˜ end-to-end distance(EED)์— ๋Œ€์‘๋œ๋‹ค.

persistance length๊ฐ€ ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด (ํ˜น์€ coarse-graining์œผ๋กœ ์คŒ์•„์›ƒํ•ด์„œ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด)
ideal chain์„ ์—ฐ์†์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž…์ž ์‚ฌ์ด ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์ž…์ž ์ˆ˜์˜ ideal chain์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ entropic spring constant๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

Chapter 17: Dynamic Linear Responses and Time Correlation Functions